{"id":11335,"date":"2023-11-25T02:44:36","date_gmt":"2023-11-24T18:44:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uthkg.com\/akademisi\/?p=11335"},"modified":"2023-11-25T02:45:31","modified_gmt":"2023-11-24T18:45:31","slug":"fenomena-hikikomori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uthkg.com\/akademisi\/fenomena-hikikomori\/","title":{"rendered":"Fenomena Hikikomori"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Fenomena Hikikomori, Kebiasaan Orang Jepang Yang Terlalu Lama Mengurung Diri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ernahkah kamu membayangkan untuk mengurung diri seharian di dalam rumah? Tidak hanya sehari, bahkan mengurung diri dalam waktu yang sangat lama. Di Jepang ada yang namanya fenomena hikikomori, yakni sebuah istilah bagi orang-orang yang menghindari interaksi kehidupan sosial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meski terkesan ekstrem, kesepian, dan membosankan bagi sebagian orang, kebiasaan ini ternyata menjadi sebuah pilihan. Sejak tahun 1990-an, fenomena ini begitu familiar di kalangan anak muda Jepang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sempat Ada Anggapan Bahwa Hikikomori Adalah Sejenis Gangguan Kejiwaan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Secara harfiah, hikikomori berarti mengurung atau menarik diri. Ada anggapan bahwa orang-orang yang mengurung diri karena mengalami gangguan kejiwaan. Pada tahun 1990-an awal, Tamaki Saito, psikiater dari Tsukuba University sempat meneliti tentang fenomena yang mengejutkan ini.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Fenomena<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Banyak orang tua yang meminta pertolongan untuk menyikapi anak-anak yang bertindak tidak wajar. Kebanyakan kasusnya adalah anak yang memilih berhenti sekolah kemudian berbulan-bulan mengisolasi diri di kamar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rata-rata yang mengurung diri adalah remaja laki-laki dari keluarga berpendidikan. Tapi tidak begitu terkait dengan kemampuan ekonomi. Dalam buku How to Rescue Your Child From Hikikomori <\/em>(2002), Saito mengatakan bahwa anak-anak remaja Jepang juga merasa tersiksa ketika mengurung diri. \u201cMereka sebenarnya mau keluar, berteman, atau mencari cinta, tapi mereka tidak bisa.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kriteria Untuk Menilai Apakah Seseorang Cenderung Jadi Pelaku Hikikomori<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tingkatan dari fenomena ini cukup bervariasi, tergantung pada individu. Apakah berbahaya? Selama ini, hal ini masih sering diperdebatkan. Keadaannya menjadi berbahaya untuk orang-orang di akhir usia 20-an yang mengurung diri di rumah selama lebih dari enam bulan atau lebih berturut-turut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Secara psikologis, ada beberapa kriteria untuk menilai apakah seseorang cenderung jadi pelaku hikikomori. Ciri-cirinya antara lain sebagian besar waktunya di rumah, bersikeras untuk tetap di ruangan setiap hari, muncul gejala yang mengganggu aktivitas normal terkait kerja atau sekolah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Begitu juga hubungan antar pribadi menjadi kehilangan makna. Terlihat seperti gangguan kepribadian anti sosial, tapi ternyata fenomena ini tidak terkait kondisi mental yang bermasalah secara genetik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kultur Kerja Keras Masyarakat Jepang Setelah Perang Dunia II<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Psikiater Tamaki Saito menyebut bahwa fenomena ini di kalangan remaja Jepang terkait dengan masalah anak dan orangtua. Contohnya anak-anak yang tertekan karena tuntutan mendapat nilai akademik bagus, cepat sukses dalam karier, menjadi contoh untuk adik, dan beragam tuntutan lain yang membuat anak merasa tidak aman dan memilih mengurung diri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kecenderungan orang tua Jepang yang menekan dan terobsesi dengan kerja keras ternyata sudah terjadi sejak peristiwa Perang Dunia II. Jepang harus kalah dari sekutu, bahkan hancur terkena hantaman bom Hiroshima Nagasaki dan memulai semuanya dari nol dengan usaha lebih keras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karena kultur yang cenderung gila kerja, penduduk di Jepang golongan tua dianggap terlalu kaku dan hanya memahami tentang kerja keras. Bahkan ketika mendidik anaknya juga terbawa dengan cara lama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Upaya Dari Berbagai Pihak Untuk Menangani Fenomena Ini<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pada bulan September 2016, sebuah survei dari Kantor Kabinet Jepang menyatakan bahwa 541 ribu warga Jepang usia 15-39 tahun secara ekstrem menarik diri dari lingkungan.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Fenomena<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Lebih dari 35 persen mengurung diri selama lebih dari tujuh tahun. Yang berbahaya adalah hikikomori di usia lanjut dan sudah tidak memiliki keluarga. Pada kondisi terburuk, ada kejadian bahwa orang yang sudah berusia senja akhirnya mati sendirian di kamar tanpa ada yang mengetahuinya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meskipun bukan termasuk gangguan kejiwaan, tapi psikolog dan psikiater Jepang menangani hal ini sebagaimana pasien yang perlu disembuhkan. Pemerintah juga mengerahkan upaya untuk pemulihan hidup orang-orang yang memiliki kecenderungan mengurung diri terlalu lama. Contohnya dengan cara mendatangkan kawan bicara ke rumah pasien penyintas hikikomori<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fenomena Ini Tidak Lagi Dianggap Aneh Di Masa Pandemi Covid 19<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Dahulu kecenderungan orang untuk mengisolasi diri di rumah, hanya tidur-tiduran dan nonton televisi dianggap sangat aneh dan butuh pertolongan. Apalagi kalau menemukan bukti bahwa pelaku hikikomori tertekan, memendam emosi negatif, sedih, dan terlalu takut pada kehidupan nyata. Tapi keadaannya berubah pada akhir tahun 2019 dan sepanjang tahun 2020. Hikikomori memang dahulu cenderung dikhawatirkan sampai dikira gangguan jiwa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tapi justru menjadi sesuatu yang baik di kemudian hari. Pada saat pandemi Covid 19, orang-orang yang betah mengurung diri di rumah justru menganggap menyelamatkan diri sekaligus lingkungannya. Bahkan fenomena ini menjadi tren gaya hidup, paling tidak sampai Covid 19 benar-benar berakhir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sumber artikel: Dailysia.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fenomena Hikikomori<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

UT Hong Kong & Macau<\/a>; Desain website oleh\u00a0Cahaya Hanjuang<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fenomena Hikikomori, Kebiasaan Orang Jepang Yang Terlalu Lama Mengurung […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":109,"featured_media":11336,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kesehatan"],"yoast_head":"\nFenomena Hikikomori - UT Hong Kong & Macau<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fenomena Hikikomori. 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